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| state power and politics in the making of the modern middle east PDF . |
click here download PDF
إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات ENGLISH. إظهار كافة الرسائل
إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات ENGLISH. إظهار كافة الرسائل
state power and politics in the making of the modern middle east PDF .
click here download PDF
Mask.The blue mummy mask of Senu
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| Mask.The blue mummy mask of Senu |
Blue Mummy Mask.The blue mummy mask of Senu, a government official who was active 3,800 years ago.
The mask was discovered by an excavation team of the Waseda University Institute of Egyptology at a site north of Dashur in 2005. The institute has had many successful results during the last 40 years.
This mummy of Senu is the oldest case of excavation in complete form, before any illegal digging had taken place, and is an extremely valuable find.
Academic excavation and surveying in Egypt was started by countries such as France and England in the beginning of the 19th century. Many of the unearthed objects were carried from Egypt to Europe.
However, the Institute of Egyptology has established a method in which none of the excavated objects are transported outside of Egypt. All finds are kept in Egypt for preservation and research.
The world’s first exhibition of the blue mummy mask took place at the “Sakuji Yoshimura:
Exhibition of 40 Years of Egyptian Excavations by Waseda University”, and was made possible through the special cooperation of the Egyptian government.
The relationship of trust between Waseda and Egypt that was established over a period of many years has opened the door to 5,000 years of Egyptian histo
Baron Empain Palace in Cairo, Egypt
Baron Empain Palace in Cairo, Egypt. Tourists have reportedly heard voices throughout the palace during late at night. Guards and police have reportedly seen ghostly apparitions of who were once residents of the palace, wandering the outside lawn at midnight
WE WON THE OSCAR !!
WE WON THE OSCAR !!
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| Ahmed yousri |
radwa abdeldayem
Ahmed yousri an Egyptian young man who won Oscars for visual effects for “Hugo” and “interstellar” he was born in 1986 , graduated from the multimedia department of international academy for media science in 2007.
He admired Hollywood movies like the “terminator” and “alien” also he fell in love with visual effects,
He had appropriate knowledge to get a job when he was still university scholar, in one of the Egyptian graphic companies.
Then he works with visual effects in American and British movies, he devoted himself to learn how to perform some of the effects in short time so he can succeed in this field while he was university student.
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- Utterly, he became a director of one of Egypt’s large advertising companies “graphic aroma”.
- Then he travelled to the US IN 2008 one year after his graduation he
found a job with an American company in LOSANGLES, then he worked with
companies like spy post, after which he moved to London, in 2011 where
he currently stays and works with double negative.
- He works as a director of technical development which mean that his work starts in stages of the film , he aims to reach the best possible means to perform some of the movie scenes ,he has contributed to “fast and furious “ “God zilla” ,”x_man “ , “thor” ,”Hugo” , “snow white”. “Total recall”, “best visual effects” Oscar for 2015 , alongside “Hugo” in 2012.
"We worked for one year with director Christopher Nolan on the movie and we faced several problems relating to visual effects because the majority of these effects had not been performed in any previous movie.
His dream is about directing Hollywood movies he do his work on mission impossible 5, scheduled to be screened in august .
He faced some difficulties abroad, and having to adopt to new conditions , customs learning and understanding others.
Western society is based on using different experiences. Regardless of gender or race,
He said that in Egypt we are missing the team work and it was the main
difference between Egypt and foreign countries, the ability to overcome
religious and political differences als Egypt needs to offer
opportunities to the youth, because they possess different ideas, and
learn how to attract new industries that do not harm the environment.
Djara cave is considered a natural
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| Djara cave |
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| Djara cave |
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| Djara cave |
- Djara cave is considered a natural masterpiece, and one of the most attractive areas in the oases, It’s located
- just 240 Km southeast of Farafra in the mountainous region.
- It’s age reaches
up to 40 million years old, It’s one of the rarest caves in the world,
it features a limestone sediments dangling from its ceiling up and down
in the form of foliage and others on the shape of the artichoke fruit
leaves not to mention “Ghanameh” on its ceiling which resemble
meticulous draftsmanship on glass or metal, the cave entrance is on the
ground level and it doesn’t seem to desert explorers that it is a cave,
the entrance diameter reaches up to 18 inch and it’s depth is only 25
meters and the soft sand fills it’s entrance, Inside there is a large
dome hanging from it, What it’s known as candlesticks, yarns or
Christmas tree, On the floor of the cave inside there are engraved foot
prints of foxes which live there mainly during the day and then come out
of it at night searching for food in the desert. And although that
Bedouins discovered the cave during the trading activities in the region
in the ancient times when they used to spend their resting times there
during their travels from the oases to the Nile valley and also during
the Hajj season, the formal discovery to it was in 1874 and was
registered on behalf of the German scientist “Jehardr Rolfes” during his
journey that he recorded in his book “Three months in the Libyan
desert” , he was on his way to reach “Kufra” the Libyan oasis when his
guide led him to a place called Gera. After a century of time, The
German scientist “Carlo Bergman” decided to rediscover the cave with the
help of Bedouins in 1989, its first historical scan on scientific basis
to the draftsmanship inside the cave was in 1990 by a group of
specialists in this area of Cologne, Berlin and Cairo.
Starting from 1990 to 2002 these draftsmanship and trappings have been
studied intensively within an integrated science project. When you enter
Djara cave you receive a plastic bag known as “the German bag” so that
the visitors are able to register their names and data. Inside the cave
there is also a book which contains the history of its discovery and
pictures of its German discoverer as well as the names and members of
German delegations that won’t end with the help of Bedouins. Djara cave
shows the proof of the soft life and abundant water, which dominate the
Western desert in ancient times. - The cave has magical dimensions that grew up as a natural result of pure water and the climate of the dry desert over millions of years.
It is unlike any other cave in its formation and the shape of its wonderful sediments. These descending and ascending sedimentary forms look more like frozen waterfalls. They are the result to millions of cubic meters of underground water which leaked out through the desert sand over millions of years and created this underground cave and then deposited and condensed due to intensive heat. Wall sculptures in this cave however represent unusual activities of this area’s human such as hunting and playing insuring that these sculptures back to the age of wet Holocene.
In that time those who inhabited that area were hunters and also practiced the process of gathering and picking fruit, the sculptures also suggest that Djara area was once inhabited by people and was full of life and prosperity.
Siwa … a heaven in the desert
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| Siwa a heaven in the desert |
Siwa, one of the most obscure in all of Egypt’s oases its history shaped by the contras of the surrounding desert with the rich soil of the oasis tune.
The oasis was called Ammonium in ancient times. Its modern name siwa , This modern town of Siwa is set among thick palm groves, walled gardens and olive orchards, with numerous freshwater springs and salt lakes.
Agriculture is the main activity of modern Siwa It’s one of the best places to buy traditional local hand crafts, the women there still wear traditional silver jewelers it’s have her own culture and customs as well as speaking Arabic , we speak Berber.
Cleopatra path,
Also there was a preferable bathing spot for tourists and locals is fatnas island surrounded by palm trees and beautiful scenery.
Mountain of the dead ,
The mountain contains number of tombs. The tombs, which cover every inch of its base and are situated on its terraces and on all sides of the conical part, date from the 26th dynasty.
One of the most famous tombs is that of Si-Amun which is considered the most beautiful one in the oasis of the Western desert. The tomb dates to about the 3rd century BC. It was discovered in October,1940 .
another tomb in the mountain of the Dead is called the tomb of the Crocodile is one of four notable tombs at Gabal El Mawta , The tomb was discovered in October,1940. It probably dates to the late Ptolemaic or early Roman Period.. The local Siwans gave it the name, "Tomb of the Crocodile", after it was cleared of debris and the paintings became visible.
By: Radwa Abdel-Dayem
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut
Queen (c. 1508 BCE–c. 1458 BCE)
Hatshepsut was the longest reigning female pharaoh in Egypt, ruling for 20 years in the 15th century B.C. She is considered one of Egypt’s most successful pharaohs.
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Hatshepsut
The only child born to the Egyptian king Thutmose I by his principal wife and queen, Ahmose, Hatshepsut was expected to be queen. After the death of her father at age 12, Hatsheput married her half-brother Thutmose II, whose mother was a lesser wife — a common practice meant to ensure the purity of the royal bloodline. During the reign of Thutmose II, Hatshepsut assumed the traditional role of queen and principal wife.
Thutmose II died after a 15 year reign, making Hatshepsut a
widow before the age of 30. Hatshepsut had no sons — only a daughter,
Neferure — and the male heir was an infant, born to a concubine named
Isis.
Since Thutmose III was too young to assume the throne
unaided, Hatshepsut served as his regent. Initially, Hatshepsut bore
this role traditionally until, for reasons that are unclear, she claimed
the role of pharaoh. Technically, Hatshepsut did not ‘usurp’ the crown,
as Thutmose III was never deposed and was considered co-ruler
throughout her life, but it is clear that Hatshepsut was the principal
ruler in power.
She began having herself depicted in the
traditional king’s kilt and crown, along with a fake beard and male
body. This was not an attempt to trick people into thinking she was
male; rather, since there were no words or images to portray a woman
with this status, it was a way of asserting her authority.
Under
Hatshepsut’s reign, Egypt prospered. Unlike other rulers in her dynasty,
she was more interested in ensuring economic prosperity and building
and restoring monuments throughout Egypt and Nubia than in conquering
new lands.
She built the temple Djeser-djeseru (“holiest of holy
places”), which was dedicated to Amon and served as her funerary cult,
and erected a pair of red granite obelisks at the Temple of Amon at
Karnak, one of which still stands today. Hatshepsut also had one notable
trading expedition to the land of Punt in the ninth year of her reign.
The ships returned with gold, ivory and myrrh trees, and the scene was
immortalized on the walls of the temple.
The queen died in early February of 1458 B.C. In recent years,
scientists have speculated the cause of her death to be related to an
ointment or salve used to alleviate a chronic genetic skin condition - a
treatment that contained a toxic ingredient. Testing of artifacts near
her tomb have revealed traces of a carcinogenic substance.
Late in his reign, Thutmose III began a campaign to eradicate
Hatshepsut’s memory: He destroyed or defaced her monuments, erased many
of her inscriptions and constructed a wall around her obelisks. While
some believe this was the result of a long-held grudge, it was more
likely a strictly political effort to emphasize his line of succession
and ensure that no one challenged his son Amenhotep II for the throne.
The Temple of Edfu is an Ancient Egyptian
The Temple of Edfu is an Ancient Egyptian temple on the west bank of the Nile in Upper Egypt. The city was known in Greco-Roman times as Apollonopolis Magna, after the chief god Horus/Apollo. It’s one of the best preserved shrines in Egypt, built between 237 and 57 BC. Wall inscriptions provide important information on language, myth, and religion during the Greco-Roman period, along with details of construction and information on the mythical interpretation of this and other temples as the “Island of Creation.” There are important scenes of the Sacred Drama, relating the age-old conflict between Horus and Seth. They’re translated by the German Edfu-Project.
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